Navigating the complexities of USDOT drug and alcohol testing regulations (49 CFR Part 40 and Part 655) is crucial for maintaining safety and compliance within public transit agencies. This session delves into the critical decision of whether to train agency staff to conduct USDOT drug  and/or alcohol testing internally, or to outsource these services. Participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of the advantages and disadvantages associated with in-house testing programs. We will explore the practical considerations, regulatory requirements, and resource implications involved in establishing and maintaining a compliant internal testing operation. Participants will leave this session with a clear understanding of the factors to consider when deciding whether to implement an in-house USDOT drug and alcohol testing program. They will gain the knowledge and tools necessary to make informed decisions that ensure compliance, safety, and efficiency within their agencies.